TOEFL Skill: Complex Sentences

Complex Sentences

TOEFL Preparation Series: Mastering Noun & Adjective Clauses

💡 Konsep Dasar: Membedakan Noun & Adjective Clauses

Klausa terikat (*dependent clause*) memerlukan penempatan kata hubung (*connector*) yang spesifik berdasarkan kedudukannya di dalam kalimat majemuk bertingkat.

Jenis Klausa	Fungsi Utama	Common Connectors	Contoh Pola Kalimat
Noun Clause	Bertindak sebagai subjek atau objek kalimat.	what, when, why, how, that, if, whether	I know what you did. / What he said was true.
Adjective Clause	Menerangkan kata benda (*noun*) di depannya.	who, whom, which, that, whose	The book which I bought is expensive.

PERBEDAAN UTAMA TOEFL: • Noun Clause menggantikan posisi kata benda secara utuh. Jika klausa ini dihilangkan, kalimat menjadi tidak lengkap/rusak. • Adjective Clause letaknya harus **berada tepat setelah kata benda (antecedent)** yang dijelaskannya. Jika klausa ini dihilangkan, kalimat dasar tetap logis dan lengkap.

📝 Contoh Soal TOEFL (Multiple Choice)

Pilihlah satu opsi yang paling tepat untuk melengkapi bagian yang kosong:

The dynamic system ________ by the engineering team can monitor renewable energy storage in real-time.

(A) which designed
(B) that was designed
(C) what was designed
(D) it was designed

Kunci Jawaban: B (that was designed)
Pembahasan: Kalimat di atas memiliki Subject (The dynamic system) dan Verb utama (can monitor). Bagian rumpang bertugas menerangkan subjek benda tersebut. Kita memerlukan sebuah **Adjective Clause**.
• Opsi (A) salah karena bermakna aktif (*yang mendesain*) dan kekurangan kata kerja bantu pasif.
• Opsi (C) salah karena *what* digunakan untuk Noun Clause, bukan menerangkan kata benda (*system*).
• Opsi (D) salah karena memicu penumpukan subjek dan kata kerja baru (*double S+V*).
• Opsi (B) adalah jawaban benar karena menggunakan konektor *that* (pengganti benda) dalam bentuk pasif yang tepat.

🎯 Interactive Practice Quiz

Uji ketelitian Anda menganalisis kalimat kompleks di bawah ini. Klik opsi jawaban yang paling tepat!

Question 1: ________ the committee members decided during the private session remains confidential.

A. What (Noun Clause sebagai Subjek)

B. Which (Membutuhkan Antecedent)

C. That it (Double Subject)

D. Because (Salah Konteks Klausa)

Question 2: Identify the error fragment:
The netizen which(A) posted the constructive feedback(B) on the online forum has received(C) a digital badge from the moderator(D).

A. which

B. constructive feedback

C. has received

D. from the moderator

Question 3: The environmental scientist explained ________ global warming accelerates the melting of glaciers.

A. what (Salah Struktur Makna)

B. how (Noun Clause Pembentuk Objek)

C. which (Membutuhkan Antecedent Benda)

D. who (Menerangkan Manusia)

Question 4: Identify the error fragment:
The biometric sensor what(A) was installed at the gate(B) cannot recognize the identities(C) of several registered subscribers(D).

A. what

B. at the gate

C. the identities

D. subscribers

Question 5: The regional museum houses various artifacts ________ from the ancient ruins of the civilization.

A. who recovered (Salah Konektor Orang)

B. were recovered (Missing Connector)

C. that were recovered (Adjective Clause Lengkap)

D. what team recovered (Salah Jenis Klausa)