The Gossip Wire

Reported Speech

Menceritakan Kembali Ucapan Orang Lain

Reported Speech (Kalimat Tidak Langsung) digunakan saat kamu ingin menyampaikan apa yang dikatakan seseorang kepada orang ketiga. Karena ucapan aslinya terjadi di masa lalu, kita harus melakukan "Time Shift" (Mundur Waktu) saat menceritakannya kembali.

⏳ The Backshift Logic (Mundur 1 Tense)

Saat melaporkan ucapan, ubah tensesnya menjadi satu langkah lebih "lampau":

PRESENT

➔

PAST

➔

PAST PERFECT

🔘 1. Tense Changes

Ikuti aturan Backshift!
• Am/Is/Are ➔ Was/Were
• Will ➔ Would
• Can ➔ Could

🔘 2. Pronoun Changes

Ubah kata ganti orang sesuai sudut pandang.
Budi: "I like pizza."
Budi said that he liked pizza.

🔘 3. Time & Place Changes

Kata keterangan waktu dan tempat juga bergeser.
• Now ➔ Then
• Tomorrow ➔ The next day
• Here ➔ There

⚠️ Exception: The "General Truth" Trap

Jangan lakukan Backshift (Mundur Tense) jika hal yang diceritakan adalah Fakta Umum, Kebenaran Ilmiah, atau kebiasaan yang masih berlaku sampai sekarang!

❌ The teacher said that the sun rose in the east.
✅ The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. (Karena matahari masih terbit di timur sampai detik ini).

Tenses Asli (Direct)	Tenses Laporan (Reported)	Contoh Perubahan Kalimat
Simple Present	Simple Past	"I want an apple," she said. ➔ She said that she wanted an apple.
Present Continuous	Past Continuous	"I am working," he said. ➔ He said that he was working.
Simple Past	Past Perfect	"I lost my key," John said. ➔ John said that he had lost his key.
Present Perfect	Past Perfect	"I have eaten," she said. ➔ She said that she had eaten.

Pro Tip (Said vs. Told): Jika kamu menggunakan kata Told, kamu WAJIB menyebutkan siapa yang diajak bicara (Objek). Jika menggunakan Said, tidak perlu!
✅ She told me that...
✅ She said that...
❌ She said me that...