TOEFL Skill: Pronoun Agreement & Reference

Pronoun Agreement & Reference

TOEFL Preparation Series: Mastering Singular, Plural, and Case References

💡 Konsep Dasar: Menemukan Antecedent Kata Ganti

Pronoun Agreement & Reference mewajibkan setiap kata ganti (*pronoun*) selaras secara kuantitas (*singular/plural*) dan jenis (*gender/case*) dengan kata benda yang digantikannya (*antecedent*).

Jenis Pronoun	Bentuk Singular (Tunggal)	Bentuk Plural (Jamak)	Fungsi Posisi
Subject Pronoun	he, she, it, I, you	they, we, you	Sebelum Kata Kerja (Predikat)
Object Pronoun	him, her, it, me, you	them, us, you	Setelah Kata Kerja / Preposisi
Possessive Adjective	his, her, its, my, your	their, our, your	Harus Diikuti Kata Benda (*Noun*)
Possessive Pronoun	his, hers, its, mine, yours	theirs, ours, yours	Berdiri Sendiri (Tanpa Benda)

DUA ATURAN EMAS TOEFL: • Agreement (Kesesuaian): Cari kata benda asli yang dirujuk. Jika bendanya jamak (contoh: *solar panels*), jangan gunakan kata ganti tunggal (*its* ❌), melainkan gunakan bentuk jamak (*their* atau *them* ✅). • Pronoun Case (Kasus Posisi): Perhatikan posisi peletakan. Kata ganti yang bertindak sebagai objek tidak boleh diletakkan di posisi subjek (contoh salah: *The director told she to clear the history* ❌ $\rightarrow$ benar: *told her* ✅).

📝 Contoh Soal TOEFL (Error Identification)

Pilihlah huruf di bawah kata atau frasa yang salah secara gramatikal:

When environmental scientists discovered (A) a new endangered species, he (B) immediately requested funding to protect its (C) natural habitat (D).

Kunci Jawaban: B (he)
Pembahasan: Tarik garis referensi dari kata ganti *he* menuju kata benda subjek asli di depan kalimat. Subjek aslinya adalah environmental scientists, yang merupakan kata benda jamak (*plural* dengan akhiran *-s*).
Oleh karena itu, kata ganti subjek tunggal *he* salah dan tidak selaras. Kata tersebut wajib diganti menggunakan kata ganti subjek jamak, yaitu they (*they immediately requested*).

🎯 Interactive Practice Quiz

Uji ketelitian Anda menganalisis keharmonisan referensi kata ganti di bawah ini. Klik opsi jawaban yang salah secara gramatikal!

Question 1: Find the error phrase:
The netizen posted their(A) constructive feedback on the forum, but it(B) was quickly removed by the moderator(C) for violating netiquette rules(D).

A. their

B. it

C. by the moderator

D. rules

Question 2: Find the error phrase:
Although the wind turbines(A) are expensive to install, its(B) ability to generate clean electricity makes them(C) highly beneficial for the smart grid(D).

A. the wind turbines

B. its

C. them

D. grid

Question 3: Find the error phrase:
The software company advised(A) all registered subscribers to change theirs(B) passwords immediately after the unexpected(C) data breach incident(D).

A. advised

B. theirs

C. the unexpected

D. incident

Question 4: Find the error phrase:
The environmental artist showed great resourcefulness(A) when she(B) transformed inorganic waste into beautiful earth installations, and the public highly praised(C) him(D).

A. great resourcefulness

B. she

C. praised

D. him

Question 5: Find the error phrase:
When a biometric sensor detects(A) an unauthorized attempt, they(B) will automatically trigger a siren warning and lock(C) the server infrastructure(D).

A. detects

B. they

C. lock

D. infrastructure